Means of expressing modality in Modern English (Способи вираження модальності в сучасній анлійській мові)

Содержание:INTRODUCTION 3 1. Theoretical grounds of modality 4 1.1. Notion of modality and history of its study 4 1.2. Types of modality 6 1.3. Ways of conveying modality 9 2. Means of expressing modality in Modern English 14 2.1. Modal verbs as the main way to convey modality in Modern English 14 2.2. Modal words and modal expressions as means of modality expressing 18 CONCLUSION 22 BIBLIOGRAPHY 23    

Вступление:INTRODUCTION The debatable question in English was always a problem of Modality. There exists even a point of view claiming that any utterance represented by a sentence is modal. In the process of speech communication the participants of the speech acts usually try to find out whether the information transmitted has been decoded and whether it has been decoded in a right way. Modality in English has to do with the world, not so much the way it is as the way it might potentially be. This may revolve around people’s beliefs about it or around there potential actions in it 18, p. 123. There are various linguistic means of expressing this in English, e.g. with adverbs, adjectives, nouns, verbs. The problem of modality was examined by researchers such as M. A. Blokh, Palmer F. R., E. V. Gordon, I. B. Morozova, N. M. Rayevska, I. V. Korunets and others. For example, E. Morokhovska and L. G. Verba studied the main peculiarities of modal verbs, E. M. Gordon and I. B. Morozova denoted the semantics, N. M. Rayevska appointed the main functions of modal verbs, I. V. Korunets studied ways and means of expressing modality in English and Ukrainian. In Frank Robert Palmer’s works modality is concerned with mood and with modal markers such as English modal verbs.  

Выводы:CONCLUSION The problem of modality as a whole is very difficult. There are various means of expressing modality — modal words, modal verbs and the category of mood. Since two of them or even all three may be used simultaneously, it is evident that there may be several layers of modality in a sentence. A great variety of combinations is possible here. Modality expresses the speaker’s attitude to the propositional content of a statement. In our work we considered theoretical grounds of modality, particularly the types of modality. The following main kinds of modality were ascertained: epistemic, deontic, dynamic and evidential modality. Lexico-grammatical, lexical and grammatical means of modality conveying were displayed in the process of the work. The research provided the possibility to specify the ways of expressing modality in English by means of different parts of speech: verbs, adverbs, nouns, adjectives. Modal verbs and modal words as means of modality expressing in Modern English were studied in the practical part of the work.  

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