Antique Culture

Содержание:Introduction 3 Features of antique culture 5 Antique Greek culture 5 Rome culture 10 Conclusions 13 Bibliography 15  

Вступление: The word antique comes from the Latin ‘antiguus’ – ancient. Antiquity is a model for European culture. In ancient society, the culture was perceived as a set of skills and abilities, as well as the results of human activity. Culture was highlighted as a subject of reflection. Protagor believed that emergence of material culture, and orderly development of social life was happened thanks for the gods. In the opinion of Democritus, the creator of culture is people, it creates a culture, obeying, and imitating nature. Ancient Greek thinkers have distinguished between natural and moral principle as two opposing. Ancient Greek and Rome culture that make man the measure of all things, avoid anything that has not matched with the man and his notions. Even they gods are humanlike, not only in appearance but also in behavior. Antique temples are also correlated with a person. Focused on the person, this culture may become a spiritual value in the full sense of the word. Antique culture revealed the man as citizen, proclaiming the supremacy of mind and freedom. Ancient civilization has endowed modern civilization the myth of Prometheus, Apollo and Dionysus and others, which have become symbols of different cultural traditions and laid the foundations for the development of science and technology in modern countries. Modern culture is a heritage of the antique culture. Till present days people use achievements of the ancient Greeks and Romans in theatre, medicine, architecture and other aspects of culture. That is why learning ancient antique culture is interesting and there are reasons of actuality of the topic of present work. The Aim of work: to investigate theoretical material that is accommodated up to nowadays and to analyze literary works on the topic of the antique culture. The aim of work envisages the fulfilment of the following tasks: 1. To analyze the theoretical material on the topic. 2. To outline the main achievements of the antique culture. 3. To identify the features of the antic culture. Practical value. Materials of the work could be used in historical or cultural studies during learning ancient period of humanity’s history.

Выводы: Antique culture has its origin in ancient Greece. The ancient Greeks were a deeply religious people. They worshipped many gods whom they believed appeared in human form and yet were endowed with superhuman strength and ageless beauty. They did not generally leave elaborate grave goods, except for a coin in the hand to pay Charon, the ferryman to Hades, and pottery; however the epitaphios or funeral oration (from which epitaph comes) was regarded as of great importance, and animal sacrifices were made. Those who could afford them erected stone monuments, which was one of the functions of statues in the Archaic period before about 500 BCE. These were not intended as portraits, but during the Hellenistic period realistic portraiture of the deceased were introduced and family groups were often depicted in bas-relief on monuments, usually surrounded by an architectural frame. The walls of tomb chambers were often painted in fresco. The goal of education in the Greek city-states was to prepare the child for adult activities as a citizen. The nature of the city-states varied greatly, and this was also true of the education they considered appropriate. In most Greek city-states, when young, the boys stayed at home, helping in the fields, sailing, and fishing. At age 6 or 7, they went to school. At 13 or 14, the formal education of the poorer boys probably ended and was followed by apprenticeship at a trade. The wealthier boys continued their education under the tutelage of philosopher-teachers. As for antique culture of the ancient Rome, we can make next conclusions. Herbs were used in medicine to form soups of medicine to heal various illness. There were 22 letters in the alphabet. Many children were taught in schools. School was from dawn to noon. Children were thrashed (spanked) if they made a mistake or misbehaved. If children couldn't read or write, they were put to work at an early age. Chisels were a great thing to have when building buildings. Plumbing was important and Romans had great plumbing sewers and waste disposal systems. Plumb Blobs were used to measure walls so they could be straight. Gladiators fought in large arenas with large crowds cheering them on. Roman Arenas were designed by great architects and were made out of stone. Roads were carefully built and were very straight. Many Roman Temples were built in honor of the Gods. The insides of the temples were colored with marble. The Romans had multiple gods 5, pp. 19–22.

Литература:1. Fagan G. G. The History of Ancient Rome / G. G. Fagan. – Course Guidebook. Corporate Headquarters, 1999. – 216 p. 2. McInerney J. Ancient Greek Civilization. Part I / J. McInerney. – THE TEACHING COMPANY, 1998. – 68 p. 3. Pomeroy S. B. A Brief History of Ancient Greece: Politics, Society, and Culture / S. B. Pomeroy. – N-Y. : OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS, 2004. – 360 p. 4. Losev A. F. Twelve Theses on Antique Culture / A. F. Losev, O. Kreymer, K. Wilkinson // A Journal of Humanities and the Classics. Third Series. – 2003. – Vol. 11, No. 1. – Pp. 55–70. 5. Scherman P. Ancient Rome Internet source / P. Scherman. – URL : http://www.piedmont.k12.ca.us/pms/LibraryLinks/tsar.pdf.