What are the links between employment and health and wellbeing? Discuss with reference to examples from at least two emerging economy countries

Вступление:The links between the health of the population of the country, on the one hand, and employment, on the other, is recognized by the medical and economic sciences. In the conditions of aging of the population observed in the last decades, the mutual influence of health and economic growth comes to the fore as a compensatory mechanism for maintaining economic growth while reducing the inflow of labor. Improving the health of the population due to the prolongation of working capacity leads to an increase in the supply of labor, an increase in labor productivity and, accordingly, the growth of economic indicators for the development of individual regions and the country as a whole. The state of the health care system affects the level of employment through maintaining the health of the population (reducing mortality in working age, reducing infant and child mortality, reducing morbidity and disability, increasing life expectancy). There is no doubt that in today's society not only socio-economic conditions affect the health of the population, but health in no small measure affects the level of employment and the economy as a whole.  

Выводы:As a conclusion of the conducted research, it is worth noting that there are certain interrelations between employment, health and well-being. Thus, the effect of health on employment is manifested in the following directions: poor people's health has a negative impact on employment, health problems in a person increase the risk of his self-separation by 50%, while at the presence of restrictions this risk increases to 122%, people who had health problems in their early childhood experience a higher risk of deteriorating health during adulthood and becoming unemployed than those whose childhood health was strong, the state of health determines the possibility of a person's transition to employment, a person with a good health status has a higher chance of being hired than a man with bad health, the state of health directly affects the productivity of labor and indirectly changes the trade-offs between income and leisure. The impact of employment on health is also significant and manifests itself in the following aspects: unemployment can cause several serious problems with the state of health, people who do not work are prone to cardiovascular, other physical and mental disorders; unemployment can cause different types of complications for human health, which can differ as a result of etiological and pathological processes; unemployed often complained about their health status than working people; working people are less likely to complain about health status to medical institutions than unemployed. In the course of the research it was found that the most significant and strong are the interrelations between employment and health: unemployment affects health, and health in turn affects employment; reforms in the field of pensions and social security are aimed at increasing the involvement of older people in their work; good health has a positive effect on the level of wages, but the effect of wages on health is negligible. Separately, the relationship between employment and well-being was highlighted. In the course of the study, it was found that losing a person's work can have a devastating effect on his psychological well-being, with negative consequences can be eliminated if the prospects for getting a job improve. In addition, it was noted that the UK is most concerned about addressing the interrelationship between employment, health and well-being. In the UK, the work and wellbeing initiative and lists of evidence, research, independent reports and policy papers were established. The health, work and wellbeing initiative began in 2005 with the publication of the Health, Work and Wellbeing: Caring for our future strategy for the health and well-being of working age people. The experience of the countries of Western Europe is also considered. It was found that in Western Europe no less than 44% of the employers indicate that health and wellbeing will be included in their company goals within three years' time.  

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