Original English names on the map of the USA

Содержание:INTRODUCTION 3 1. The History of American Geographical Names 4 1.1. Dutch influence 6 1.2. French influence 6 1.3. Spanish influence 7 1.4. English names 8 1.5 Scottish influence 10 2. The Vocabulary of Geographical Names 11 2.1. Indian names 11 2.2. Spanish names 11 2.3. English names 12 2.4. French name 12 CONCLUSIONS 13 LITERATURE 14

Вступление:Looking at the map of the USA, we can see many different geographical names of cities, rivers, mountains, lakes, channels, cities, villages and states. Many of them have been changed during the years, but many of them are still the same old names, which were given to these places many years ago. Each of them has its history and origin. Many of geographical names came from Dutch language. Many of geographical names came from Spanish language. Many of geographical names came from French language. All of them has their meaning.  In this work we’ll retell about the history of many geographical names on the map of the USA. As we know the USA is the country of many nations. So, many nations had influence on its language, culture, traditions and of course on the forming of geographical names. With new settlers, new geographical names came. Many of them were changed by the years.  It is very interesting to find out the history of geographical names as very often we don’t even guess why this or that place was named so and what its name means.

Выводы:So, at the end of our work, it clear that America geographical names have different origin. During many years different tribes settled down the SA and each of them brought their piece into its language so they influenced the formation of geographical names. After examining all geographical names, it is possible to mention that most of them came from Indians. Many of geographical names with Indian origin have interesting meaning that we could even guess. For example such names as Missisquoi(тут є добра трава),  Arrogo Grande(ісп. arrogo-джерело;grande-великий); Rhod Island - "червоний острів", Texas - "друзі", Massachusetts - "massa" – великий та "wachusett" – гірське місце. The original English settlers, it would appear, displayed little imagination in naming the new settlements and natural features of the land that they came to. Their almost invariable tendency, at the start, was to make use of names familiar at home, or to invent banal compounds. Plymouth Rock at the North and Jamestown at the South are examples of their poverty of fancy; they filled the narrow tract along the coast with new Bostons, Cambridges, Bristols and Londons, and often used the adjective as a prefix. Different geographical names came from France, Scotland, Spain and other countries. Learning the history of every country, it is necessary to learn the history of its geographical names and very often the geographical names can tell a lot about the history of the country.

Литература:1. Беленькая В.Д. Очерки Англоязычной топонимики.- М.: Высшая школа, 1977. 2. Зеленський П.Г. Топоніміка США. Індіанська спадщина // Іноземна філологія.- 1988. - Вип.89. 3. Зеленський П.Г Американські Ойконіми та гідроніми, походження і значення.// Іноземна філологія¢89.Вип.94. 4. Тарасевич М.П.Семантические особенности американских фразеологических топонимов в функциональном аспекте. - М., 1989. 5. ТомахинГ.Б.Америка через американизмы. – М.: Высшая школа, 1982. 6. TomakhinG.B. Across the USA. – M.,1980.