Прислів’я та приказки в англійській мові: особливості структури та

Содержание:INTRODUCTION      3 1. THE THEORETICAL PART          5 1.1. STRUCTURAL AND SEMANTIC PECULIARITIES OF ENGLISH PROVERBS7 2. PRACTICAL PART           11 2.1 PROVERBS         11 2.1.1 SO, THE FIRST TYPE OF PROVERBS IS WITH A NOMINATIVE PREDICATE 11 2.1.2 THERE ARE SOME EXAMPLES OF ONE-SYLLABIC PROVERBS          12 2.1.3 THE PROVERBS WITH A VERB PREDICATE         13 2.1.4 THERE OTHER TYPES OF PROVERBS, SUCH AS IMPERATIVE PROVERBS18 2.2 SET-EXPRESSIONS       18 2.2.1 COMPARISONS          19 2.2.2.METAPHORS   20 2.2.3 METONYMIES            22 CONCLUSIONS       26 BIBLIOGRAPHY       28

Вступление:sayings began to represent a great interest. The correlation of the surface and inner structures of these units, determination of their models and their functioning in different styles of texts are still unexplored. Learning every language, we deal with its language vocabulary and begin to compare the difference between the vocabulary of foreign language and Ukrainian. Every language is rich in different proverbs and sayings. These parts of speech enrich it; make it brightly and more emotionally colored. Proverbs and sayings have been forming by generation for ages. They express the wisdom, smartness and sound mind and a good sense of humor of people. Every nation has its own proverbs and saying and other stable winged phrases, without which the speech of every nation wouldn’t be so expressive and bright. There are many proverbs and sayings which have the same meaning and translation in both languages, as they could be borrowed from another language, but there are many idioms, set expression and proverbs, which do not have any equivalents n another language. With the help of this research, it’ll become clear. It is very important to translate proverbs and sayings correctly, as they can loose their real meaning and sense. So the given work will help to find out the functional peculiarities and translational peculiarities.   The objects of the research are English proverbs, and their subjects are their system and functional peculiarities. The material of this research are 5796 are English proverbs, taken from the different vocabularies: The Penguin Dictionary of Proverbs (pecularities.ed. by R. Fergusson), The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Proverbs (ed. by J. Simpson, J. Speake) and chosen by the method of  the whole selection from English publicistic and fiction texts. The actuality of the work is caused by the necessity to determine linguistic status of proverbs, determine their models and texts modifications. Till this time these questions were examined from other points of view. So, V.І. Dal researched proverbs as a special aphoristic form, fixing humans thoughts about common rules and traditions. These units were examined as folklore phenomenons by V.P. Аnikin and М.І. Kravtsov. The aim of this work is to determine the functions and the structure of English proverbs and saying and analyze their translation into Ukrainian. The given aim can be reached through the solving of the complex tasks^ •   To determine peculiarities of the formal and semantic organization of proverbs, identify their surface and inner structures. •   To define basic models of the proverbs; •   to show the ways of translation of English ; proverbs into Ukrainian; •          to learn out the functions of the proverbs and sayings.

Выводы:  The vocabulary of a language is enriched not only by words but also by such phenomenas as proverbs and sayings. Proverbs and sayings are word-groups that cannot be made in the process of speech, they exist in the language as ready-made units. They are compiled in special dictionaries.   Phraseological means of speech are the quintessence of its national face. They include a great power of expression and emotional inspiration.    Phraseological units have being thought to be the one of the most specific features of each language. They are defined out from definite structural and functional styles more expressively than other separate words, expressing their appliance to each of them, and also to the sphere of oral and written speech, they have brighter expressive and emotional coloring. So the results of our complex research of systematically-functional peculiarities of proverbs of modern English allow to make the following conclusions:  1 The proverb is a language phenomenon with the history of nearly 4500 years. For all this time they were used with different aims – esthetic, educational, juridical and argumentive. During the time not only functional aspects but the sources of proverbs and sayings were changed, the notion of paremi was changed too. Modern proverbs reflect social changes, in particular, the general tendency to democratization. The spheres of creation cover in particular, show-business, informatics, economy, advertisement and politics. 2. The small form of the proverbs is objected by the structure, consisted of one simple or compound sentences, the volume of which is determined with the formula V?(7+2)?min. Proverbs as untypical texts have no strong positions, fables, structural-compositions parameters of simple texts, the fixed authorship and characters. Their expressiveness, compactness makes them more acceptable, memorable and reproductive.  3. Proverbs and saying are not formed by the definite structural-semantic principles and that is the basis to make the concluding list of models. Such proverbs as affirmative or imperative proverbs are mostly used. Advice, precept are expressed statically or dynamically.  4. Among the narrative proverbs there are three groups with nominative and verbal predicate. The stable usage of main members of a sentence (S+Р) is universal for them and unstable for them is the usage of additional members in the model (S+Р+(Е)). 5. The group of English proverbs and sayings (V+E) has imperative character. The stable component of the model is a verb. Other additions and adverbial modifiers are added to it.            So in such a way in our work it was described structural peculiarities of modern English proverbs and saying, determined their status among untypical texts, made the list of dominative models, learnt their functional peculiarities.

Литература:1. Akhmanva O. Lexicology: Theory and Method. MGU. 1972 2. .Agareva А. Emotionally-evaluating Senses of the Phraseological Units, 1987. – p.5-8. 3. Alipherenko М.P.. Theoretical Questions of Phraseology. – Kharkiv, 1987. – 198 p. 4. Arnold I.V. Lexicology of Modern English. Moscow. 1973. 5. Avskentjev L.H. Modern Ukrainian Phraseology . – Kharkiv, 1983 6. Babkin L. Phraseology and Lexicography – М. – L, 1964. – p. 10-37. 7. Bagmut А.J. Semantic and Intonation in Ukrainian. – К., 1991. – 78 p. 8. Bilonizhenko V.M., Hnatjuk I.M. Functioning and Lexicographical Development of Ukrainian Phraseological Units. – К.: Naukova Dumka, 1989. – 154 p. 9. Vinigradov V.V. About the Language of Fiction. – М., 1969. – 322 с. 10. Ginzburg R.S. A course of Modern English Lexicology. Moscow. 1979. 11. Demskyj М. Ukrainian Phrazems and the peculiarities of their formation. – L., 1994 – 62 p. 12. Favourite English Proverbs and Sayings - К.: Кrynytsya, 2001. – 80p. 13. Kunin  А.V. English Phraseology: Moscow: High School. 1970 14. Orembovskaya, Gvarjaladze. English Lexicology 15. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idiom.